週日在東京賽博辦公室,賽博全體員工都在上班,Steve在開會。我趁機處理一下微信和臉書。
最近我有關製造業損益表的實務操作文章引起一些朋友的關注和討論。許多朋友認為台灣的電子製造業前景不樂觀,應該往品牌和全球市場轉型。我回想過去幾年高科技產業的變革,許多知名品牌公司都消失不見了。從電腦時代到手機時代,知名品牌公司倒下的不勝枚舉。可以說,品牌不是賺錢的保障更不是基業長青的保證。
至於俗稱的電子代工,專業的稱呼應該是電子專業製造服務亦稱ECM(Electronic Contract Manufacturing)或是 EMS(Electronic Manufacturing Services),中文又譯為專業電子代工服務。我特別到維基百科網站上去找到EMS的介紹,讓大家了解一下。
什麼是電子製造服務
電子專業製造服務亦稱ECM(Electronic Contract Manufacturing),中文又譯為專業電子代工服務,是一個新興行業,它指為電子產品品牌擁有者提供製造、採購、部分設計以及物流等一系列服務的生產廠商。
相對於傳統的OEM或ODM服務僅提供產品設計與代工生產,EMS廠商所提供的是知識與管理的服務,例如物料管理、後勤運輸,甚至提供產品維修服務。
其實生產的過程中是涉及很多過程及環節,EMS就是一個全線的服務,包括,產品開發、產品生產,這當然包括產品的採購、產品的品質管理及運輸物流,一般 EMS都包括以上這些。但我們開始時,是未夠能力開始整個過程,因此在開始時,我們主要幫助客人處理加工部分,所以只是主理生產部份,這個部份即是所謂的OEM(Original Equipment Manufacture),後期發展到可以幫一部份客戶主理開發產品及設計產品工作,即是所謂的ODM(Original Design Manufacture)。換言之,ODM比OEM多加了新元素,現時的EMS除了做ODM和OEM所做的事外,更加上物流的部份,甚至有一部分會幫助客戶銷售,這就是一般的EMS。
[編輯]
知名EMS廠商
* Sanmina-SCI(SCI Systems)
* 捷普科技(Jabil)
* 偉創力(Flextronics)
* Solectron
* Celestica
* 鴻海(Foxconn)
* 緯創(Wistron)
EMS產業起源於上世紀60年代的美國。SCI成立於1961年,Jabil在1966年成立於矽谷,Flextronics於1969年成立於矽谷,Sanmina於1980年成立於矽谷,Celestica在80年代在加拿大是IBM的製造工廠。愛爾蘭的PCH和台灣的EMS大都是90年代才進入這個產業。這些EMS至今都還存活著,而且規模都相當大。
EMS結論一下,它是高科技的產業,起源於美國,而且有幾家發源地是矽谷,好幾位創始人還是斯坦福大學的畢業生。它的管理模式非常複雜,資金需求十分龐大,不是任何人都可以做的。這些已經具備規模的歐美EMS至今都還活著。
值得一提的是偉創力 Flextronics,1969年成立於矽谷,1981年到新加坡設廠,是第一家到亞洲設廠的美國製造公司。在1993年在EMS產業全球排名第22名,到了2001年成為全球最大的EMS。當時的偉創力如日中天,勢不可擋。這個第一名一直保持到2004年,當年營收達到145億美元。
而地處台灣的鴻海,我們簡單回顧一下鴻海的發展歷程:
1974年,郭台銘利用的新台幣10萬元成立「鴻海塑膠企業有限公司」,註冊地址在台北縣土城鄉(1993年6月26日升格為台北縣土城市,2010年12月25日五都改制後改稱新北市土城區)。
鴻海塑膠成立之初員工僅有10人,主要業務為製造黑白電視機的旋鈕。1981年,鴻海塑膠成功開發個人電腦連接器產品,由此轉型生產個人電腦連接器。1982年,鴻海塑膠改名「鴻海精密工業股份有限公司」(英語:Hon Hai Precision Industry Company Ltd)[3],註冊資本額達到1600萬元。1985年公司成立美國分公司。
1990年代個人電腦及網際網路市場迅速成長,鴻海藉此機會快速發展,至2000年鴻海市值突破新台幣1000億元。
之後郭台銘積極透過擴大服務項目的垂直整合的完整性成長企業規模,在每年增加2000億元以上的高速成長下,2005年鴻海集團總營業額突破新台幣兆元,超越新加坡的偉創力(Flextronic)成為世界上最大的代工廠。爾後持續倍增,2010年底僅鴻海集團單一公司營業額就破美元千億,擠身全球前五十大企業之列。
2003年底,偉創力第一次在上海擧行全球供應商大會,有多達500人參加。我當時是德州儀器亞洲區總裁,當然代表德州儀器參加這個重要客戶的大會。整個早上由日裔美籍的CEO報告當時全球第一名的偉創力的2004年策略。當報告完畢後,是供應商提問時間。有位供應商提問,直接了當的說:偉創力雖然介紹了2004年的主要戰略,但是我們看不出來偉創力要如何跟富士康競爭?我們看不到偉創力有任何勝算。
當時轟堂大笑並且議論紛紛,因為這位同業說出了大家的心聲。富士康在2000年網路泡沫化之後,逐年成長超過30%,勢不可當。已經眼看著就要超越全球第一的偉創力,而偉創力2004年的策略完全了無新意。許多壓寶偉創力的供應商也不得不考慮是否該跳船,全力支持富士康?
面對這個直接且不給面子的問題,偉創力CEO瞠目結舌答不出話來。當時坐在台下的我,雖然代表美國德州儀器公司,理應支持同是美國公司全球第一大EMS的偉創力。但是我的心中卻有一絲身為台灣人的驕傲。會後,我給郭台銘打了一個電話,告訴他這個小插曲。
2005年,鴻海超越偉創力,成為全球第一大的電子專業製造服務商。不僅第一名的位置保持至今,而且與偉創力的差距越來越大。同時帶動台灣其他電子代工製造企業,晉身全球前十大。當品牌公司虧損或滅亡的時候,這些EMS都仍然屹立不搖。
同時也有518部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過11萬的網紅Lukas Engström,也在其Youtube影片中提到,The first 1,000 people to use this link will get a 1 month free trial of Skillshare: https://skl.sh/lukasengstrm09211 Do you want to see MORE videos ...
services中文 在 Lukas Engström Youtube 的精選貼文
The first 1,000 people to use this link will get a 1 month free trial of Skillshare: https://skl.sh/lukasengstrm09211
Do you want to see MORE videos like this one?
Please consider joining my YouTube channel to get access to exclusive perks and also support me as all my income will go directly back into the channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJQ4cxWeJk2eM4vVRRC9cbg/join
Don't forget to also check out the Lukas in Taiwan podcast:
Apple Podcasts:
https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lukas-in-taiwan-外國人介紹台灣/id1577985574
Spotify:
https://open.spotify.com/show/7mNfSG9wMVEP1NTI33scky?si=WhTOsIYDQv2oYQ6TRQKLzw&dl_branch=1
Please note that my Patreon now is inactive, but that you are welcome to support me there as well if my YouTube membership is not enough: https://www.patreon.com/LukasEngstrom
Please also follow me on:
Facebook: www.facebook.com/LukasTaiwan
Instagram: www.instagram.com/LukasEngstrom
If you want to send my something that might be shown in a future video, please send it to:
ATT: Lukas
RM. 2, 6F., NO.201, FUHE RD.,
YONGHE DIST., NEW TAIPEI CITY 23450,
TAIWAN (R.O.C.)
Business inquiries:
中文/English
創作者經紀人/Contact person: - Maggie
Line ID: @redi
Email: contact@lukasengstrom.com
The following is the gear I’m using when making my videos. I’m part of Amazon Services LLC Associates Program which means that I will get a small commission if you purchase anything via my links. Any commission I’ll be getting will go straight back into buying new gear for my future videos, so any kind of support is highly appreciated!
Cameras:
Canon EOS R (main camera): https://amzn.to/3fCbINR
Canon M50 (B-cam): https://amzn.to/2Tf998r
Insta360 One X 2 (Best 360 camera): https://www.insta360.com/sal/one_x2?insrc=INRAIR0
Insta 360 One R (Best 360/action cam combo): https://www.insta360.com/sal/one_r?insrc=INRAIR0
Lenses:
Canon RF 15-35mm F2.8 L IS USM: https://amzn.to/3o4N8YZ
Canon RF 24-70mm F2.8 L IS USM: https://amzn.to/34RDy1V
Canon EF 24mm f/1.4L II USM: https://amzn.to/2O0a62Y
Canon EF 50mm f/1.8 STM https://amzn.to/2O5DJA0
Canon EF-S 10-18mm f/4.5-5.6 IS STM: https://amzn.to/2X88oR7
Studio equipment:
2x Rode NT2A Microphone set: https://amzn.to/3fBoOuK
Ninja V recorder: https://amzn.to/36azTzR
SanDisk Ultra 3D 1TB SSD: https://amzn.to/36f1pfH
SanDisk Ultra 3D 2TB SSD: https://amzn.to/3fErckb
DJI:
Drone: DJI Mavic 2 Zoom: https://amzn.to/2Sak4CX
Mavic 2 Fly More Kit: https://amzn.to/2TlpLLT
Gimbal: DJI Ronin-S Handheld 3-Axis: https://amzn.to/2NG4L20
Other:
Microphone: RØDE VideoMic Pro+: https://amzn.to/2Tg9mbx
2x SanDisk Extreme Pro Memory Card (128GB): https://amzn.to/2Oi0CQX
Bag: Lowepro ProTactic BP 450 AW II:https://amzn.to/2NDbCsN
Canon EOS M Mount Adapter: https://amzn.to/2O1jH9I
Canon EF-EOS R Mount Adapter: https://amzn.to/2NDak0V
JOBY Gorillapod 3K: https://amzn.to/2S3GQfR
ADATA SD600Q SSD (240GB): https://amzn.to/2Wp28Tf
ADATA D8000L LED Power Bank: https://amzn.to/34MrlLY
Transcend ESD240C Portable SSD (480GB): https://amzn.to/2X5L7xW
Transcend ESD350C Portable SSD (480GB): https://amzn.to/32LBzeg
Transcend StoreJet 25MC HDD (1TB): https://amzn.to/2KekmUd
Transcend 128GB microSD: https://amzn.to/2tCkOmw
MacBook Pro 16”: https://amzn.to/3fElb77 Asus VP28UQG 28" 4K/UHD monitor: https://amzn.to/2CE5eeI
services中文 在 Lukas Engström Youtube 的精選貼文
Check out our newly arrived Ginger shot and other drinks at: https://jbw.tw/lukas
YouTube fans get 10% off the entire store!
Do you want to see MORE videos like this one?
Please consider joining my YouTube channel to get access to exclusive perks and also support me as all my income will go directly back into the channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJQ4cxWeJk2eM4vVRRC9cbg/join
Don't forget to also check out the Lukas in Taiwan podcast:
Apple Podcasts:
https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lukas-in-taiwan-外國人介紹台灣/id1577985574
Spotify:
https://open.spotify.com/show/7mNfSG9wMVEP1NTI33scky?si=WhTOsIYDQv2oYQ6TRQKLzw&dl_branch=1
Please note that my Patreon now is inactive, but that you are welcome to support me there as well if my YouTube membership is not enough: https://www.patreon.com/LukasEngstrom
Please also follow me on:
Facebook: www.facebook.com/LukasTaiwan
Instagram: www.instagram.com/LukasEngstrom
If you want to send my something that might be shown in a future video, please send it to:
ATT: Lukas
RM. 2, 6F., NO.201, FUHE RD.,
YONGHE DIST., NEW TAIPEI CITY 23450,
TAIWAN (R.O.C.)
Business inquiries:
中文/English
創作者經紀人/Contact person: - Maggie
Line ID: @redi
Email: contact@lukasengstrom.com
The following is the gear I’m using when making my videos. I’m part of Amazon Services LLC Associates Program which means that I will get a small commission if you purchase anything via my links. Any commission I’ll be getting will go straight back into buying new gear for my future videos, so any kind of support is highly appreciated!
Cameras:
Canon EOS R (main camera): https://amzn.to/3fCbINR
Canon M50 (B-cam): https://amzn.to/2Tf998r
Insta360 One X 2 (Best 360 camera): https://www.insta360.com/sal/one_x2?insrc=INRAIR0
Insta 360 One R (Best 360/action cam combo): https://www.insta360.com/sal/one_r?insrc=INRAIR0
Lenses:
Canon RF 15-35mm F2.8 L IS USM: https://amzn.to/3o4N8YZ
Canon RF 24-70mm F2.8 L IS USM: https://amzn.to/34RDy1V
Canon EF 24mm f/1.4L II USM: https://amzn.to/2O0a62Y
Canon EF 50mm f/1.8 STM https://amzn.to/2O5DJA0
Canon EF-S 10-18mm f/4.5-5.6 IS STM: https://amzn.to/2X88oR7
Studio equipment:
2x Rode NT2A Microphone set: https://amzn.to/3fBoOuK
Ninja V recorder: https://amzn.to/36azTzR
SanDisk Ultra 3D 1TB SSD: https://amzn.to/36f1pfH
SanDisk Ultra 3D 2TB SSD: https://amzn.to/3fErckb
DJI:
Drone: DJI Mavic 2 Zoom: https://amzn.to/2Sak4CX
Mavic 2 Fly More Kit: https://amzn.to/2TlpLLT
Gimbal: DJI Ronin-S Handheld 3-Axis: https://amzn.to/2NG4L20
Other:
Microphone: RØDE VideoMic Pro+: https://amzn.to/2Tg9mbx
2x SanDisk Extreme Pro Memory Card (128GB): https://amzn.to/2Oi0CQX
Bag: Lowepro ProTactic BP 450 AW II:https://amzn.to/2NDbCsN
Canon EOS M Mount Adapter: https://amzn.to/2O1jH9I
Canon EF-EOS R Mount Adapter: https://amzn.to/2NDak0V
JOBY Gorillapod 3K: https://amzn.to/2S3GQfR
ADATA SD600Q SSD (240GB): https://amzn.to/2Wp28Tf
ADATA D8000L LED Power Bank: https://amzn.to/34MrlLY
Transcend ESD240C Portable SSD (480GB): https://amzn.to/2X5L7xW
Transcend ESD350C Portable SSD (480GB): https://amzn.to/32LBzeg
Transcend StoreJet 25MC HDD (1TB): https://amzn.to/2KekmUd
Transcend 128GB microSD: https://amzn.to/2tCkOmw
MacBook Pro 16”: https://amzn.to/3fElb77 Asus VP28UQG 28" 4K/UHD monitor: https://amzn.to/2CE5eeI
services中文 在 Lukas Engström Youtube 的最讚貼文
Huge thank you to @lifeintaiwan and https://www.youtube.com/c/annieaiyo for joining this video podcast talking about everything from teaching in the US, raising kids in South Africa and being recognized in Taiwan!
#Podcast #外國人介紹台灣 #HotOnes
Do you want to see MORE videos like this one?
Please consider joining my YouTube channel to get access to exclusive perks and also support me as all my income will go directly back into the channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCJQ4cxWeJk2eM4vVRRC9cbg/join
Don't forget to also check out the Lukas in Taiwan podcast:
Apple Podcasts:
https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/lukas-in-taiwan-外國人介紹台灣/id1577985574
Spotify:
https://open.spotify.com/show/7mNfSG9wMVEP1NTI33scky?si=WhTOsIYDQv2oYQ6TRQKLzw&dl_branch=1
Please note that my Patreon now is inactive, but that you are welcome to support me there as well if my YouTube membership is not enough: https://www.patreon.com/LukasEngstrom
Please also follow me on:
Facebook: www.facebook.com/LukasTaiwan
Instagram: www.instagram.com/LukasEngstrom
If you want to send my something that might be shown in a future video, please send it to:
ATT: Lukas
RM. 2, 6F., NO.201, FUHE RD.,
YONGHE DIST., NEW TAIPEI CITY 23450,
TAIWAN (R.O.C.)
Business inquiries:
中文/English
創作者經紀人/Contact person: - Maggie
Line ID: @redi
Email: contact@lukasengstrom.com
The following is the gear I’m using when making my videos. I’m part of Amazon Services LLC Associates Program which means that I will get a small commission if you purchase anything via my links. Any commission I’ll be getting will go straight back into buying new gear for my future videos, so any kind of support is highly appreciated!
Cameras:
Canon EOS R (main camera): https://amzn.to/3fCbINR
Canon M50 (B-cam): https://amzn.to/2Tf998r
Insta360 One X 2 (Best 360 camera): https://www.insta360.com/sal/one_x2?insrc=INRAIR0
Insta 360 One R (Best 360/action cam combo): https://www.insta360.com/sal/one_r?insrc=INRAIR0
Lenses:
Canon RF 15-35mm F2.8 L IS USM: https://amzn.to/3o4N8YZ
Canon RF 24-70mm F2.8 L IS USM: https://amzn.to/34RDy1V
Canon EF 24mm f/1.4L II USM: https://amzn.to/2O0a62Y
Canon EF 50mm f/1.8 STM https://amzn.to/2O5DJA0
Canon EF-S 10-18mm f/4.5-5.6 IS STM: https://amzn.to/2X88oR7
Studio equipment:
2x Rode NT2A Microphone set: https://amzn.to/3fBoOuK
Ninja V recorder: https://amzn.to/36azTzR
SanDisk Ultra 3D 1TB SSD: https://amzn.to/36f1pfH
SanDisk Ultra 3D 2TB SSD: https://amzn.to/3fErckb
DJI:
Drone: DJI Mavic 2 Zoom: https://amzn.to/2Sak4CX
Mavic 2 Fly More Kit: https://amzn.to/2TlpLLT
Gimbal: DJI Ronin-S Handheld 3-Axis: https://amzn.to/2NG4L20
Other:
Microphone: RØDE VideoMic Pro+: https://amzn.to/2Tg9mbx
2x SanDisk Extreme Pro Memory Card (128GB): https://amzn.to/2Oi0CQX
Bag: Lowepro ProTactic BP 450 AW II:https://amzn.to/2NDbCsN
Canon EOS M Mount Adapter: https://amzn.to/2O1jH9I
Canon EF-EOS R Mount Adapter: https://amzn.to/2NDak0V
JOBY Gorillapod 3K: https://amzn.to/2S3GQfR
ADATA SD600Q SSD (240GB): https://amzn.to/2Wp28Tf
ADATA D8000L LED Power Bank: https://amzn.to/34MrlLY
Transcend ESD240C Portable SSD (480GB): https://amzn.to/2X5L7xW
Transcend ESD350C Portable SSD (480GB): https://amzn.to/32LBzeg
Transcend StoreJet 25MC HDD (1TB): https://amzn.to/2KekmUd
Transcend 128GB microSD: https://amzn.to/2tCkOmw
MacBook Pro 16”: https://amzn.to/3fElb77 Asus VP28UQG 28" 4K/UHD monitor: https://amzn.to/2CE5eeI
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